Bounce Baby Bounce! Sunshine and J.t. April 5th, 2009

American R&B, soul and funk band

Kool & the Gang
Kool & the Gang performing in November 2017
Background data
Also known as	The Jazziacs The Soul Town Band The New Dimensions Kool & the Flames
Origin	Jersey City, New Jersey, U.South.
Genres	R&B soul funk disco jazz
Years active	1964–present
Labels	De-Lite Mercury ATO Curb
Website	world wide web.koolandthegang.com
Members	Robert "Kool" Bell George Brown Michael Ray Kevin Bell Walt Anderson Curtis Williams Lavell Evans Jirmad Gordon Hakim Bong Louis Van Taylor Shawn McQuiller Timothy Horton
Past members	Dennis Thomas Ronald Bell Ricky West Robert "Spike" Mickens Claydes Charles Smith Larry Gittens Donald Boyce Sir Earl Toon Kevin Lassiter Caldwell MacMillan Gary Brown Odeen Mays Otha Nash Rodney "King" Ellis Frank Hamilton James "J.T." Taylor Regal Bayyan Sennie "Skip" Martin Woody Sparrow Clifford Adams Jake Wolpert

Kool & the Gang is an American R&B/funk ring formed in Bailiwick of jersey City, New Jersey, in 1964 by brothers Robert "Kool" Bell and Ronald Bong, with Dennis "Dee Tee" Thomas, Robert "Fasten" Mickens, Charles Smith, George Brown, and Ricky West. They have undergone numerous changes in personnel and accept explored many musical styles throughout their history, including jazz, soul, funk, rock, and pop music. After settling on their name following several changes, the group signed to De-Lite Records and released their debut album, Kool and the Gang (1969).

The band's showtime gustatory modality of success came with the release of their fourth album Wild and Peaceful (1973), which independent the U.s.a. superlative-10 singles "Jungle Boogie"^[1] and "Hollywood Swinging". Kool & the Gang subsequently entered a menses of pass up before they reached a 2d commercial elevation betwixt 1979 and 1986 following their partnership with Brazilian musician and producer Eumir Deodato and the addition of singer James "J.T." Taylor to the line-up. Their most successful albums of this period include Ladies' Night (1979), Gloat! (1980), and Emergency (1984), their highest selling album with two million copies sold in the US. Their striking singles during this period included "Ladies' Night", the United states No. i "Celebration", "Get Down on It", "Joanna", "Misled", and "Cherish". The band continues to perform worldwide, including equally support for Van Halen in 2012 and their fiftieth-anniversary tour in 2014.

Kool & the Gang have won numerous awards, including two Grammy Awards, seven American Music Awards, and, in 2006, a Music Business organization Association Chairman's Honour for creative accomplishment. Every bit well the ring has been inducted into the New Bailiwick of jersey Hall of Fame and been bestowed with a Mobo Award for Outstanding Achievement, the Soul Train Legend Accolade, the Marian Anderson Award and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2007, the band was inducted into the Vocal Group Hall of Fame.^[2] During 2018, the Bells, Brown, and Taylor were also inducted into the Songwriters Hall of Fame.^{[3] [4] [5] [six]} Their discography includes 23 studio albums and most seventy singles. They take sold 7.5 million and 4.5 million RIAA-certified albums and singles, respectively, in the US.^{[7] [8]} Worldwide, they have sold seventy million albums.^[ix]

History [edit]

1964–1972: Formation and signing with De-Lite [edit]

The band formed in Jersey City, New Jersey, in 1964 when seven school friends decided to perform together every bit an instrumental jazz and soul group named the Jazziacs.^[10] Amid them were Robert "Kool" Bell on bass, his brother Ronald Bell on keyboards,^[11] Robert "Spike" Mickens on trumpet, Dennis "D.T." Thomas on saxophone, Ricky West on keyboards, George Brown on drums, and Charles Smith guitar.^[12] All of them, except Smith, attended Lincoln High Schoolhouse in Bailiwick of jersey City.^[13] Robert Bell had given himself the nickname "Kool" as a manner of adapting to the street gangs in his neighborhood afterward moving from Ohio and took the name of someone named Cool, replacing his with a "K".^[14] The Bells' father Bobby and uncle Tommy were boxers. They moved to New York to train and lived in the aforementioned apartment edifice as Thelonious Monk, who became Robert'south godfather. Miles Davis would driblet past because he wanted to exist a boxer.^[15]

Their offset gigs took identify every bit the opening act to a weekly jazz night held in a local theatre every Sunday.^[eleven] They besides played occasionally with McCoy Tyner, Pharoah Sanders, and Leon Thomas during their early flow.^[16] The group and then underwent several name changes, including The Soul Town Band and The New Dimensions,^{[17] [13]} during which they would play Motown covers as the backing musicians for Soul Town, a small Jersey Metropolis-based arrangement similar to Motown.^[14] In 1967, they decided to perform as their own identity and became regulars at the Blue Note Lounge in Jersey; ane of the MC'south advertised them with a new name, Kool & the Flames. However, their manager Cistron Redd advised against it to avoid confusion with James Chocolate-brown's band, The Famous Flames, leading to a further modify to Kool & the Gang, in 1969.^[18]

After securing their new proper name and line-up, Kool & the Gang secured a recording deal with Redd'due south new contained label, De-Lite Records. Redd wrote: "I discovered these eight supertalented unequalled young musicians [...] I immediately realized that their potential would earn them success unknown by most musicians".^[xix] The group entered the studio and recorded their debut album, the all-instrumental Kool and the Gang (1970), with Redd as a producer, arranger, conductor, and partial songwriter. It is their only album with guitarist Woody Sparrow who completed a temporary eight-man germination.^[20] The album peaked at No. 46 on the Billboard R&B chart. Around this fourth dimension, the grouping began to develop their phase performance later they witnessed a prepare by Willie Feaster and the Mighty Magnificents which, according to Robert Bong, "Blew us away [...] We thought, 'Wow, if we want to be in prove business, we have to change our act. We tin can't simply stand in that location and play'."^[11] Also at this time, the group were asked to deliver songs with vocals. Despite Bell recalling the grouping sounding "real ragged" with lyrics at first, "Scrap past scrap we gained in confidence... we kinda learnt how to sing equally we went forth."^[21]

The band followed their debut with two alive albums: Live at the Sex Auto, recorded the year earlier, and Live at PJ's, both released in 1971. These were their final albums before their amicable split with Redd. Their next album, Music Is the Message, was the first fourth dimension the group self-produced one of their records.^[21] Information technology was released in July 1972, and peaked at No. 25 on the R&B chart. It was followed with Practiced Times in November, which features the band backed past a string section. The elements of jazz, rock, and instrumental styles on the record fabricated it difficult for reviewers to characterization them as ane specific genre.^[22] The album failed to generate the amount of radio exposure the ring had expected to gain a new audience, then they looked at ways to breakthrough without relying on the radio.^[21]

1973–1978: First commercial success and low period [edit]

By the leap of 1973, Kool & the Gang had started to observe disco music trends, which influenced the band to become what Robert Bell described every bit "a much harder, funkier, tighter" unit than earlier.^[21] He antiseptic that most of the group did not visit discos, and learned of disco civilisation from others. As a event of their change in management, the band scored their get-go major commercial success with their 4th studio album, Wild and Peaceful.^[21] The album went to No. 33 on the album chart, became their first gold album for selling 500,000 copies, and spawned the single "Funky Stuff", which entered the Pinnacle xl pop chart. The next two, "Jungle Boogie" and "Hollywood Swinging", fared even better past entering the Usa top x, mark the ring's breakthrough to a white audience.^{[21] [23]} The latter two songs sold over i million copies and were certified gilt past the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).^[24] Their success connected with Light of Worlds (1974), which contained the hit instrumental "Summer Madness". In October 1974, the group landed a spot on the national tv music show Soul Train.^[25] In 1975, Kool & the Gang released Spirit of the Boogie which contained the height twoscore unmarried "Spirit of the Boogie". This was followed past the function studio office alive release Dear & Understanding, in 1976.

In mid-1976, Kool & the Gang entered a catamenia of commercial decline; Rolling Stone writer Geoff Himes wrote the disco-era "frowned on [their] loose and greasy arroyo to dance music."^[18] Their three albums released during this time, Open up Sesame (1976), The Force (1977), and Everybody's Dancin' (1978), failed to generate the same commercial or critical acclaim as their previous records. Bell later said the albums "aptitude our manner a chip and we didn't experience at home with it".^[26] The Force and Everybody's Dancin' displayed the group's attempt to adopt disco elements with female vocalists and a string section, merely Robert Bell later said the grouping got "Too fancy and over-creative [...] We got away from the bones Kool & the Gang sound [...] and the public didn't like it". The alter in manner affected their ability to secure as many dates than before, working "but off and on" during this time.^{[27] [28]} The latter album received negative responses; ane review for Everybody'south Dancin' had the headline: "Kool and the Gang have gone banal." Author Mike Duffy wrote: "They've joined the disco lemmings [...] The border has gone. Say so long to the raw and raunchy."^[29]

During their depression flow, the band gained some mainstream attending with their contribution of "Open Sesame" to the soundtrack of Sabbatum Night Fever (1977).^[26] "Summer Madness" was also used in Rocky (1976), merely not released on its soundtrack album.^[26]

1979–1987: J.T. Taylor, Deodato partnership, and commercial superlative [edit]

Kool & the Gang entered a four-album partnership with Brazilian producer Eumir Deodato

By 1979, Kool & the Gang changed musical direction in ii singled-out ways. After several years of consideration, and at the suggestion of promoter turned SOLAR Records founder Dick Griffey, they brought in a dedicated pb vocalist to become a focal betoken of their music.^{[xxx] [31] [32]} This was filled by Southward Carolina-born singer James "J.T." Taylor, who noted that vocals added more warmth to the songs, especially to ballads, which the group had previously avoided as no vocalist in the group could sing them properly. Taylor recalled some resistance to his inflow from some band members and the female singers they had used on The Force and Everybody'southward Dancin' .^[33] The change in style developed further when the band entered a four-anthology clan with Brazilian musician, songwriter, and arranger Eumir Deodato every bit their producer, who helped them move towards mainstream pop and dance-oriented music with greater emphasis on catchy hooks and chorus lines.^[34] The grouping's outset choice, Stevie Wonder, was as well busy to work with them.^[33]

Kool & the Gang's start anthology with Deodato, Ladies' Dark, was released in September 1979 and became their well-nigh successful album since their germination. This was helped by the hit singles "Too Hot" and "Ladies' Dark", which went to No. 5 and No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, respectively.^[35] In January 1980, Ladies' Night was certified platinum by the RIAA for selling ane million copies in the U.s.a..^{[23] [8]} After that year, Celebrate! became a bigger commercial success than Ladies' Night; the atomic number 82 single "Celebration" remains the ring'south only single to reach No. i on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The song originated from the lyric "Come on, let's all celebrate" from "Ladies' Nighttime", which inspired Robert Bell to write "an international anthem."^{[18] [35]} The ring developed the vocal on a bout bus later attending the American Music Awards.^[36] The vocal was used in national media coverage for the 1980 World Serial, the 1981 Super Bowl, the 1981 NBA Finals, and the 1981 render of the Iran hostages.^[18]

After the release of Something Special (1981), which continued the level of success of the previous two albums, the band recorded their 4th and final album with Deodato, As 1 (1982). The latter struggled to reach golden certification in the US, which led to the band's decision to cease their time with Deodato as they had enough with the management they had adopted.^[33] They then decided to produce their adjacent album, In the Middle (1983), past themselves with Jim Bonnefond as co-producer. The album contained the U.s. summit-v unmarried "Joanna". The vocal was declared the almost-played pop song in 1984 by Broadcast Music International.^[37] Bonnefond stayed with the group for Emergency (1984), which remains their highest selling anthology with over 2 meg copies sold in the United states of america. It spawned four Usa meridian twenty singles, including "Emergency", "Cherish", "Fresh", and "Misled". This feat made Kool & the Gang the just band to take four top xx singles from a single album in 1985.^[38]

In June 1984, Kool & the Gang took fourth dimension off from recording Emergency to perform at Wembley Stadium as part of a sold-out summer concert organised past Elton John.^[38] That November, during a visit to Phonogram's offices in London, Bob Geldof arrived to pitch his idea of the multi-artist charity unmarried "Do They Know Information technology'south Christmas?" to the characterization. Kool & the Gang participated in the projection.^{[38] [39]} In 1985, Bong said the band retained command of their ain business affairs, fugitive to hire management on a full-time ground and preferring to hire consultants and agents for each project or a single term.^[twoscore]

The grouping's seventeenth album, Forever, was released in November 1986. The album included two hit singles on the Billboard Hot 100 chart: "Victory" (US #10, R&B #2) and "Stone Love" (US #10, R&B #4). 2 further singles, "Holiday" and "Special Style" were too released from the album; the old reached the peak ten on the R&B Chart, the latter hitting reached No. 6 on the Adult Gimmicky chart.^[41] Past 1986, the band had scored 14 superlative forty singles in the Us since 1980, more than Michael Jackson.^[42] In July 1986, the band recorded a special version of "Celebration" with different vocals that was used in an advertisement for Wendy'south.^[43]

In 1987, the band completed a 50-city tour of the US. The tour included the group establishing their own public service programme, devised by Robert Bong and Taylor, which encouraged school children to pursue education, giving free tickets to those with perfect omnipresence.^[44] The group rehearsed their stage show with a choreographer at Prince's studio at Paisley Park.^[34] At the time of the tour'southward start, the ring ceased producing adverts with Schlitz beer because of their new image towards children and that they felt it had run its course.^[37] After the bout, Taylor left Kool & the Gang to pursue a solo career. He returned in 1996 for their State of Diplomacy album.

1988–present: Subsequently career [edit]

In February 1988, news of Taylor's departure from the band to pursue a solo career was reported in the press.^{[45] [18]} The grouping had discussed pursuing solo projects during the previous year, with Thomas suggesting the band had considered splitting into twos or threes.^[37] Taylor was replaced by three vocalists: Sennie "Skip" Martin, Odeen Mays, and Gary Brownish.

1989 saw the release of the band's 18th album Sweat. By this time Khalis Bayyan and Robert "Spike" Mickens also had departed the ring. The album didn't fare well. Ron Wynn of Allmusic chosen the album "a completely faceless, bumming record ... probably the worst album of their career."^[46] Unite, the band's nineteenth studio album, was released in 1992. It marked the return of Khalis Bayyan to the group. In 1995, Taylor returned to the band for State of Affairs (1996), hailed as the group's "improvement" album.^[18] All songs on this album were written past Khalis Bayyan and Taylor. Taylor left the band for the 2d time in 1999.

On their next studio album Gangland (2001), Kool & the Gang pursued elements of hip hop. The album was a compilation of rappers backed by Kool and the Gang remaking some of the ring's songs. During 2003 the band was bestowed with a Mobo Award for Outstanding Achievement.^{[5] [47]} 2004 saw the release of nevertheless another anthology featuring remakes and some new songs. The Hits Reloaded independent collaborations with artists such as Atomic Kitten, Lisa Stansfield and Jamiroquai. The anthology reached No. 21 on the Britain R&B Albums chart.^[48] During 2007 the band released another anthology entitled Notwithstanding Kool. The anthology reached No. 31 on the Us Billboard Top Soul Albums chart.^[49] Still Kool has too been certified Platinum in French republic by the SNEP.^[50]

In 2012, Bell accepted Van Halen singer David Lee Roth'south invitation for Kool & the Gang to be the opening act during their A Dissimilar Kind of Truth Tour as Roth had noticed a significant portion of their concert audition were women. Roth wanted the group after seeing their set at Glastonbury.^[10]

In 2013 the group released a Christmas album Kool for the Holidays. This is the group's 24th studio album.^[18]

In 2015, l years after germination, the group received their star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^[51] During that yr they were as well inducted into the New Bailiwick of jersey Hall of Fame.^[52] Inside 2016 a Jersey City street was renamed the "Kool and the Gang Way".^[53] During 2019 Kool and the Gang was also bestowed with the Marian Anderson Award.^[4]

In 2020, Khalis Bayyan passed abroad at the age of 68.^[54] In 2021, the group released Perfect Union, their 25th studio anthology and outset anthology of new material in 14 years. The album was produced by Khalis Bayyan earlier his 2020 death.^[55]

In 2021, Dennis "D.T." Thomas too passed away. He was 70.^[56]

Music appearances [edit]

The group's music has been featured in several movies and video games:

• "Jungle Boogie" was featured on the soundtracks for the movies Pulp Fiction (1994)^[57] and Secret Blood brother (2002).^[58]
• "Summer Madness" was in the movies Rocky (1976) and Baby Boy (2001) and besides in the video game Grand Theft Auto: Vice City (2002).
• "Hollywood Swinging" was featured in the movie Roll Bounce (2005) and also in the video game 1000 Theft Auto: San Andreas (2004).

Personnel [edit]

Electric current members

• Robert "Kool" Bell a.thou.a. Muhammad Bayyan – bass (1964–nowadays)
• George "Funky" Brown – drums, percussion (1964–present)
• Michael Ray – trumpet (1979–present)
• Curtis "Fitz" Williams – keyboards (1982–present)
• Shawn McQuiller – vocals, guitar (1991–nowadays)
• Timothy Horton – drums, percussion (1989–present)
• Louis Van Taylor – alto and tenor saxophone (1996–present)
• Kevin Bell a.yard.a. Amir Bayyan – guitar (2006–present)
• Lavell Evans – vocals, percussion (2011–present)
• Jirmad Gordon – vocals (2007–present)
• Hakim Bell – vocals (2005–present)
• Jermaine Bryson – trombone (2015–present)
• Walt Anderson – vocals (2016–nowadays)
• Ravi Best – trumpet (2016–present)
• Shelley Paul – tenor saxophone (2016–present)

Erstwhile members

• Ronald Bell a.k.a. Khalis Bayyan – tenor saxophone, keyboards (1964–1989, 1992–2020; died 2020)
• Dennis "D.T." Thomas – alto saxophone (1964–2021; died 2021)
• Ricky West – keyboards (1964–1976; died 1985)
• Claydes Charles Smith – guitar (1964–2006; died 2006)
• Robert "Spike" Mickens – trumpet (1964–1986; died 2010)
• Woodrow "Woody" Sparrow – rhythm and lead guitar (1969, his expiry)
• Donald Boyce – vocals (1973–1976)
• Larry Gittens – trumpet, flugelhorn (1975–2013)
• Otha Nash – trombone, vocals (1975–1977; died 2003)
• Kevin Lassiter – keyboards, pianoforte, vocals (1976–1982)
• Clifford Adams – trombone (1977–2015; died 2015)
• Frank Hamilton – keyboards (1997–2002)
• Rodney "King" Ellis – vocals (2000–2015)
• Caldwell MacMillan – percussion, vocals (1990–1995)
• Sir Earl Toon – keyboards, vocals, writer (1979–1982)
• James "J.T." Taylor – vocals (1979–1988, 1995–1999, 2018)
• Sennie "Skip" Martin – trumpet, vocals (1988–2007)
• Gary Brownish – vocals (1988–1990)
• Odeen Mays – keyboards, vocals (1988–1997)
• Jake Wolpert – vocals, guitar (1993–2001)

Rick West, the group's original keyboardist, who left in 1976 to form his own band, died in 1985. Guitarist Charles Smith died after a long illness in 2006 and was replaced by the Bells' youngest brother, Amir Bayyan, former leader of the Kay Gees. Original trumpet role player Robert "Spike" Mickens, who retired in 1986 due to poor health, died at the historic period of 59 on November 2, 2010, at a nursing dwelling in Far Rockaway, New York. Kool & the Gang added Larry Gittens in 1975 from the Stylistics. Earl Toon Jr. was briefly with the group, too (1979 and 1980). Trombonist Clifford Alanza Adams Jr. died in January 2015 at the age of 62 after a yr-long battle with cancer.^[59] Adams, who had been with Kool & The Gang since 1977, had no health insurance to cover medical expenses.^[60] Saxophonist Ronald Bell died suddenly in September 2020; crusade of death was not announced.^[61] Alto saxophonist Dennis "D.T." Thomas died in his slumber on Baronial 7, 2021, at the age of 70.^{[62] [63] [64] [65]}

Timeline [edit]

Discography [edit]

Studio albums

• Kool and the Gang (1969)
• Music Is the Message (1972)
• Good Times (1972)
• Wild and Peaceful (1973)
• Calorie-free of Worlds (1974)
• Spirit of the Boogie (1975)
• Love & Understanding (1976)
• Open Sesame (1976)
• The Force (1977)
• Everybody'southward Dancin' (1978)
• Ladies' Dark (1979)
• Gloat! (1980)
• Something Special (1981)
• As 1 (1982)
• In the Heart (1983)
• Emergency (1984)
• Forever (1986)
• Sweat (1989)
• Unite (1992)
• State of affairs (1996)
• Gangland (2001)
• The Hits: Reloaded (2004)
• Nevertheless Kool (2007)
• Kool for the Holidays (2013)
• Perfect Union (2021)

References [edit]

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52. ^ "2015 INDUCTEES". njhalloffame.org. New Bailiwick of jersey Hall of Fame. June 25, 2015.
53. ^ T. McDonald, Terrence (Apr 29, 2016). "The gang's back once again: Kool & the Gang return home to Bailiwick of jersey Metropolis". nj.com. NJ.com.
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55. ^ "Kool & the Gang Announce New Album Perfect Union, Share New Vocal". Pitchfork. July seven, 2021. Retrieved September 1, 2021.
56. ^ "Dennis Thomas: Kool & The Gang founding fellow member dies aged lxx". BBC News. Baronial 8, 2021. Retrieved September one, 2021.
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58. ^ Payne, John (Nov eleven, 2015). "Undercover Brother on DVD". cult.boob tube. Archived from the original on February viii, 2016. Retrieved June eighteen, 2018.
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65. ^ Shafer, Ellise (August 7, 2021). "Dennis 'Dee Tee' Thomas, Co-Founder of Kool & the Gang, Dies at 70". Variety . Retrieved August 14, 2021.

Sources [edit]

• Romanowski, Patricia; George-Warren, Holly; Pareles, John (2001). The Rolling Stone Encyclopedia of Rock and Roll . Touchstone. ISBN978-0-7432-0120-nine . Retrieved March 25, 2021.
• Hoffmann, Frank W. (2005). Rhythm and Blues, Rap, and Hip-Hop. Infobase Publishing. ISBN978-0-8160-6980-4.
• Ure, Midge (2013). If I Was... An Enhanced Updated Autobiography. Acorn Digital Printing. ISBN978-ane-909122-58-1.

External links [edit]

• Official website
• Interview by Pete Lewis, Blues & Soul, Nov 2010

rodriguezconem1977.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kool_%26_the_Gang

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